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Anti-fat bias refers to the prejudicial assumption of personality characteristics based on a visual assessment of a person as being obese. Anti-fat bias can be found in many facets of society,〔 and the media has often been blamed for the pervasiveness of this phenomenon. ==Trait attribution== Anti-fat bias leads people to associate individuals whom they perceive to be overweight or obese with negative personality traits such as "lazy", "greedy", "stupid", "smelly", "slow", or "unmotivated." This bias is not restricted to clinically obese individuals, but also encompasses those whose body shape is in some way found unacceptable according to society's modern standards (although still within the normal or overweight BMI range). It is a classical example of the halo effect in cultures where physical preferences favor low body fat. Fat-shaming is fairly common in America, even though most adult Americans are overweight. ''Huffington Post'' wrote "two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese. Yet overweight and obese individuals are subject to discrimination from employers, healthcare professionals and potential romantic partners". Anti-fat bias can be moderated by giving a mitigating context to the individual’s appearance of obesity. For example, when told an individual was obese because of "overeating" and "lack of exercise", a higher implicit bias was found among study participants than those told that the individual’s obesity was due to "genetics". When the group was told that "genetics" was to blame they did not exhibit a lowered implicit bias after the explanation, however. Thus, anti-fat bias may result from disgust. Anti-fat bias is not a strictly Western cultural phenomenon. Instances of implicit anti-fat bias have been found across several cultures. Newer research suggests that the stereotypical traits and attributions are ''post hoc'' justifications for the expression of prejudice against obese people. Initial unconscious feelings of disgust and associated negative valence when viewing obesity may evoke negative emotions that need to be justified, and thus, negative attributions supporting or justifying the negative feelings towards obesity are produced. Additionally, recent work around physical appearance issues, body image, and anti-fat or obesity prejudice suggests that feelings about one's own appearance may stimulate downward physical comparisons with obese individuals in order to make one feel better about their own physical appearance.〔O'Brien KS, Hunter JA, Halberstadt J, Anderson, J. Body image and explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes: The mediating role of physical appearance comparisons. Body Image 2007; 4: 249–256.〕〔O’Brien KS, Caputi P, Minto R, Peoples G, Hooper C, Kell S et al. Upward and Downward Physical Appearance-Related Comparisons: Development of a Measure and Examination of Predictive Qualities. Body Image 2009; 6: 201–206.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-fat bias」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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